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Establishing criminal liability for a corporation fundamentally hinges on the principle that illegal conduct must be performed on behalf of the corporation. This means that the actions leading to liability must be conducted by individuals who are acting within the scope of their employment or authority for the corporation.

When a corporation is implicated in criminal activities, the law recognizes that it cannot act independently and must operate through its agents, typically its employees or executives. Therefore, if an employee commits a crime while acting in the course of their duties and for the benefit of the corporation, the corporation can be held criminally liable for such actions.

The requirement that the illegal conduct must be performed on behalf of the corporation is critical because it links the actions of individuals to the corporation itself, establishing the necessary connection for liability. This principle ensures that corporations cannot evade accountability by claiming that they had no knowledge or involvement in the unlawful actions that benefited them.